Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability

Presentation Citizens’ support in the budgetary and monetary procedures is planned for guaranteeing great administration, arrangement of open products and general accountability1. There are three basic purposes for the endeavors to increment citizens’ interest in the issues of administration and strategy making.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, affable society and non-legislative associations (NGO’s) are progressively requiring the support of the partners in political issues and strategy deciding. Residents are clamoring for access to data and the option to take an interest in nearby and national issues. Moreover, the current law based procedures interest for open administration, straightforwardness in strategy choices and open budgetary processes2. Second, reformist administrators and government authorities, looking to favor the re alness and ability of the common society in understanding social-political and monetary difficulties, are progressively supporting citizens’ interest. This is driven by both political and strategy motivators. Direct subject help can give additional realness to enable reformist governments to alter budgetary needs3. In addition, organize venture ensures a constant flow of information between the state organizations, locals and normal society, consequently reduces the expense of trading data.4. Reformist governments additionally advance participatory settings considering the way that this encourages them to collect a political base that might be impelled in the midst of constituent procedures5. To wrap things up, direct support can enable the policymakers to screen technique execution at the neighborhood level, subsequently improving the likelihood that government’s system changes are completed accurately.Advertising Looking for exposition on government? How about we che ck whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By including residents in the budgetary procedures both at the nearby and national level, the administration can upgrade its ability because of additional system to improve accountability6. Third, worldwide associations, for example, the IMF and World Bank have been supporting for expanded cooperation of residents in strategy choices and budgetary procedures. The fundamental purpose behind this is to upgrade the government’s limit, which is logically seen to be basic in accomplishing long haul objectives and targets. Direct resident investment upgrades state limit by improving the nature of contributions simultaneously letting residents to assume the job of a guard dog. Overall affiliations likewise bolster direct local speculation as a technique for drawing in the regular man and making a reduced social capital. The worldwide associations accept that residents and common social orders can consider th e administration responsible for the utilization of open assets, consequently guaranteeing that giver reserves are utilized for the planned purpose7. A progressing idea that cuts over these associations is that they are searching for methods of planning establishments that can unite the residents so as to partake in fathoming key strategy issues and administration challenges. Institutional organizers have made a broad extent of decides and techniques that address a variety of cultural and strategy issues. For each situation, they are taking a stab at everything conceivable to guarantee that the administration and residents cooperate for a typical good8. The citizen’s investment is exceptionally respected not on the grounds that there are benefits connected to their full interest in the nearby and national issues, however it is upheld in light of the fact that their expanded cooperation can upgrade the idea of administration and the general government assistance of the people. Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For that reason, direct commitment of residents is the most ideal method of explaining key strategy issues and administration challenges9. Improving the nature of commitment is logically trapped with endeavors to propel straightforwardness in the working of governments and private area. Straightforwardness call for open authorities to give expeditious and important data that can be used by residents and common society10. Regardless, straightforwardness tries should be associated with support on the ground since the arrival of data is basically the underlying step11. Direct investment is vital since it ensures an elevated level of straightforwardness. Furthermore, it guarantees that the models of picking appropriate information and the calendar of its discharge are not left to the circumspection of open officials. All the mo re broadly, joint effort is basic with the goal that the available information can be utilized to make elective game plans and systems. All things considered, absence of access to indispensable data with regards to unbiased or segregated residents and common society won't achieve advanced government approaches and strategy solutions12. Locals and regular society speak to the intrigue side of strategy pondering. Henceforth, they offer elective responses to move toward issues. The opposite side is spoken to by strategies started by the legislature and worldwide benefactors planned for settling strategy challenges. The interest and flexibly sides are models that were adjusted to fit into the field of financial turn of events. Thusly, in the more extensive extent of this article, straightforwardness will be conceptualized as what the system needs to give or profit to improve accountability.Advertising Searching for paper on government? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Then again, investment will be conceptualized as the exercises that the residents and common society need to partake in order to improve accountability13. Improved responsibility calls for more noteworthy cooperation between state offices, government authorities, common society and the overall population. State specialists must be prepared to allow their exercises to be examined by non-legislative associations and common society. Correspondingly, residents and common society must be set up to commit their time and essentialness to fastidiously investigate the activities of state.14. Responsibility can be set up when state offices and offices are fit to be examined to win open trust or addition a political mileage. Moreover, governments might be prepared to help straightforwardness in those extents where they acknowledge that responsibility would be politically valuable, which suggests that people in general and common society should squeeze the administration to benefit all the essen tial information15. This article will have two key destinations. The main target is to present a structure that can assist with seeing how residents and common society can partake in the budgetary procedure and other money related activities. The clarification behind introducing this structure is that it will investigate assorted courses through which residents and common social orders are coordinated into key government choices. The subsequent goal is to apply it on the two nations to show how and why they have grasped various foundations and systems. The subsequent target will endeavor to set up the reasons and goals behind the activities. Resident Participation Citizens take part in a hodgepodge of establishments. In law based organizations, residents vote to pick delegates at neighborhood, regional, and national levels. Residents may moreover cast a ballot in extraordinary choices, for instance, entries, plebiscites or audits. Furthermore, residents may impact chose pioneers by working inside specific foundations or participating in exercises, for example, battles, orchestrating offer drives, and thinking of certain approach suggestions. In this way, support is an advancing activity where inhabitants cooperate to propel their interests16. In actuality, there are various routes through which residents can impact formal game plans. They can utilize the foundations, court strategies and open fights to put their case on government authorities. Peevish authoritative issues tend to be used all the more normally by residents who need access to open foundations or need political representatives17. There are four head parts of the resident support process, to be specific: voice, examination, casting a ballot and rescission. Other than the referenced participatory scenes, residents can likewise use different settings, for example, assessment through the polling form, disputable governmental issues, battles and neighborhood initiatives18. Nonetheless, our accentuatio n will be on the routes through which residents partake in budgetary responsibility. This is spoken to by the four head parts of citizens’ cooperation. Voice alludes to the limit of residents to convey their considerations, tendencies, and assumptions inside and outside the foundations endorsed by the administration. At the most significant level, residents and common social orders can utilize this feature of support to expand the extent of issues that are being tended to by the current organizations. The issue can address explicit arrangement issue. Open discussions are a portion of the scenes that can be utilized by residents to communicate their voice. The conventional get-togethers grant residents and common social orders to sustain their game plans, just as be joined in the recommended networks19. Then again, investigation is the limit of residents to review chronicles and information given by government establishments and organizations. These files may consolidate strat egy proposition, contract exchanges, salary collection, dynamic execution of open work undertakings, and venture conclusion20. Residents are required to have crucial abilities fundamental for breaking down and detailing the information gave by the

The Nurture Of Gender Roles

The Nurture Of Gender Roles The thoughts and desires for people in American culture are built up and secure in the country's brain. More ladies remain at home during the day to deal with the house and kids than men, and a bigger number of men hold political workplaces than ladies. These customary sex jobs are the lifestyle in America, and once in a while ever restricted. In any case, did you ever stop to consider why you partner cooking with ladies or authority with men? Was there ever a period you didn't feel along these lines? Unquestionably, you probably took in these qualities eventually, and undoubtedly when at a youthful age. Pictures of the cliché housewife and bread-winning spouse are continually being flashed on the TV. Plugs, news programs, and even kid's shows delineate a male commanded society. During prime-time TV men dwarf ladies a few to one. TV not just feeds the rule of cliché sex jobs, yet additionally fortifies it with each difference in the program, indicating similar pictures of men and w omen.American Academy of PediatricsWith the normal American viewing in any event 3 hours of TV daily, the standard is set in our minds.The mind is all the more effectively affected during youth, while improvement is as yet occurring. Data accumulated during this stage will settle any longer than in grown-ups. Dr. Nancy Signorielli expressed in the official news magazine for the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP News) TV assumes a focal job in many youths' public activities. The media is a significant part

Building your Financial Life The Taxman Cometh - OppLoans

Building your Financial Life The Taxman Cometh - OppLoans Building your Financial Life: The Taxman Cometh Building your Financial Life: The Taxman ComethOppLoans Monthly Budget GuideWith major changes to the tax code rolled out in 2018, many Americans are feeling even more overwhelmed than usual this tax season. From reports of smaller-than-expected refunds to significant modifications to popular deductions like home mortgage interest, sitting down to tackle your tax return can seem like a project best put off until tomorrow … or next month.If you take no other piece of advice from this guide, make it this: don’t let uncertainty around taxes prevent you from filing your tax return by April 15. (Or April 17 if you live in Maine or Massachusettsâ€"thanks Patriots Day!) If you’re feeling the pressure as Tax Day approaches, keep in mind that it is easy to file for an extensionâ€"you can file online or download, print and mail the appropriate forms from the IRS website.If you’ve already filed your tax returns and found that you owed the IRS a manageable amount or received a small refu ndâ€"congratulations! Feel free to stop reading and buy yourself some avocado toast.For the rest of us who may need additional guidance, we are taking a look at some common tax situations that can seriously impact your budget. From the best way to put your refund to work for you, to smart strategies for managing your tax bill, we’ll discuss how you can turn tax time from a source of stress into just another expense that you’ve budgeted for.Putting your refund to work for you.When you receive a tax refund it is best not to think of it as a windfall, but as a part of your annual income. After all, a windfall is found money! A tax refund is not a gift from the IRS, but repayment of a no-interest loan that you have made to the governmentâ€"in fact, it is money that has been taken directly from your paycheck (and therefore from your monthly budget) all year long.We’ll talk more about why receiving a large tax refund is less than ideal, but if you find yourself sitting on a large pi le of cash this year, here are some budget-smart ideas for putting your refund to work for you.First on your list should be these key budget priorities:Fund your emergency account.If you’ve been following our budget guide, you already know the importance of having 3-6 months of living expenses stashed away. If your safety net is underfunded, your highest priority for your tax refund should be bolstering your emergency fund.Pay off high-interest debt.Once you have topped off your rainy day fund, your next step should be tackling any high-interest debt, such as credit card debt or payday loans. If you have been stuck in a cycle of incurring debt only to pay it off when you receive your annual tax refund, now is the perfect time to adjust your W-4 so that you receive more of your money in each paycheck.Purchase peace of mind.Receiving a tax refund is a great opportunity to revisit your financial and estate planning, particularly if you have been putting it off because of cost concern s. In our budget guide for couples [link], we talked about the importance of protecting yourself, your partner, and your family against a worst-case scenario. An influx of cash like a tax refund can help you to fill in the gaps, such as consulting with an estate planning attorney to draft a will, purchasing additional life insurance, or other protections that make sense for your financial and family situation.Once you’ve met these high-priority budget obligations, you have several tax-advantaged options for using your refund:The tax advantage of retirement savings.If you are not maxing out your retirement savings, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) can be a great choice for funding your retirement while maximizing tax benefits. To help determine what type of IRA is best for you, the IRS offers guidelines around contribution limits and tax status.Get smart about saving for college.If there are educational expenses on the horizon, for yourself, your children, or grandchildren, i nvesting in a 529 plan, a tax-advantaged savings plan for educational expenses, could be a smart use of your tax refund.Of course, saving for the long-term is not the only way to go. Using your refund to address more immediate needs can also be a smart decision:Jump start your savings.Whether you are dreaming of a down payment on a house, a new car, or a dream vacation, your tax refund can provide a great head start towards achieving some of your larger savings goals.Spend now, save later.Spending your refund is not a bad thingâ€"particularly if you funnel it into a purchase that will save you money in the long run. If you are a homeowner, that might mean energy-efficient home improvement projects like new windows or replacing an old appliance that is on its last legs.Invest in yourself.Investing in yourself means different things to different people. Perhaps your career goals include a professional certification to improve your earning potential (although it is certainly worth aski ng if your employer will chip in). Or maybe you have other goals that will improve your quality of life, such as fitness sessions with a personal trainer or finally scheduling your LASIK surgery. The ROI on you is immeasurable.Four weddings and a baby.Are you standing up in four weddings on opposite coasts this summer? Expecting a babyâ€"and expecting to dramatically increase your spending on diapers and daycare in a few months? Even if you’ve been setting money aside for these big expenses, it seems like something unpredictable always pops up. If you have a major event on the horizon, it may be worthwhile to stash your refund cash in a separate account you can tap into when you’re at the bachelor party and you discover that there’s a tiger in the bathroom.Give generously.When you find yourself in possession of a large amount of cash, dedicating it to causes that matter not only feels great but provides a wonderful way to make an impact at an organization that is meaningful to you.10 percent for fun.As they say on Parks and Recreation, treat yourself! This is money you have been setting aside all year, so if you dedicate 90 percent of your tax refund towards something budget-savvy, don’t feel guilty about spending a small portion on something fun.But what if I owe money?First and foremost, do not let uncertainty around your tax liability prevent you from filing your taxes. The IRS can levy penalties for both failing to file a tax return and failing to pay taxes by the April 15 deadline, as well as interest on the balance you owe and a monthly late payment penalty. Avoid incurring unnecessary fees and be sure to file your return or request an extension no later than April 15.If you do find yourself facing an unexpectedly high tax bill, you can take concrete steps to lessen the financial impact:If you can afford to pay some amount towards your tax debt, it is wise to do that at the time you file, to minimize interest and penalties. If you have paid as mu ch as you can and still owe additional money, your best option going forward may be to set up a long-term or short-term payment plan. Those who qualify can quickly set up a monthly payment agreement for up to 72 months using the Online Payment Agreement  form. You will be charged a setup fee, but this can be waived if you meet the requirements for a low-income waiver. Additionally, if paying your taxes would severely limit your ability to support yourself and your family, you may qualify for the IRS hardship program. To help you understand the ins and outs of specific payment plans, the IRS has a helpful FAQ page for your reference. Once you have reached a payment plan agreement, be sure to update your monthly budget to reflect this new ongoing expense.The one thing you should absolutely not do is ignore your tax bill. Beyond charging interest and penalties, the IRS has the ability to collect outstanding tax debts by seizing assets including wages, social security benefits, and futu re tax refunds. To learn more about what to do if your tax bill is higher than you can afford, check out the OppLoans Financial Sense blog for more advice from tax experts.Tax planning to maximize your monthly budget.What exactly is wrong with getting a tax refund? Many people think of their refund as an annual ‘bonus’. However, receiving a refund is not like winning the lotteryâ€"it is your own money that you have been lending to the government, interest-free, throughout the year.However, the topic of tax refunds can be a sensitive one. A recent personal finance column in the Washington Post took a look at some of the underlying reasons people prefer to overpay and receive a refund. Even for taxpayers who are aware that withholding more money than necessary goes against the conventional advice of tax experts, some cite the peace of mind of knowing that they won’t face a large tax bill; others, the benefits of saving money somewhere where they can’t readily access it. If you ’ve come to rely on your yearly tax refund to tackle some of your larger financial goals, it can be hard to break the habit.This time of year, when taxes are top of mind, is the perfect time to revisit your withholding. If you found yourself receiving a large refund or owing a significant amount of money on your taxes, or if you experienced a life event this year such as changing jobs or the birth of a child, it may be time to make adjustments and provide your employer with an updated W-4.While you are completing your tax forms and have your relevant tax documents on hand, take advantage of one of several helpful online calculators to update your withholding. The IRS Withholding Calculator is one such tool; the Intuit TurboTax W-4 Withholding Calculator offers a comprehensive guide that allows you to factor in retirement savings, education expenses, and other details that impact your specific tax scenario. Once you have calculated the correct number of allowances, you can also fin e-tune your refund or the amount you expect to owe by withholding a specific dollar amount each pay period.If you have been following our monthly budget guide, you know that having an accurate picture of your finances is critically important. When you sat down to make your initial monthly budget, you gathered as much information as you could about your income and expenses, and taxes are a huge piece of that puzzle. There is no better time to make sure that you are making every dollar work for youâ€"whether that means meeting your tax obligations throughout the year, or reclaiming your refund for your ongoing budget goals. Do you have a question about budgeting? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  Instagram

Essay - 1667 Words

â€Å"Can’t sleep again?† Draco asked as Will sat down again, the two in the same position as the day before, Draco leaning into the sofa, whilst Will sat on the edge, afraid to do something wrong, especially after his catastrophic day. Although he had tried to do as Professor Snape said, and sleep, there comes a point when you realise that succumbing to sleep is unlikely, and at midnight, or so, Will reached that point, coming down stairs once again, even though Snape would do nothing but refute his actions. â€Å"No, sir. You either, sir?† Will asked the blond giant, timidly. â€Å"Nope,† Draco said. â€Å"Had a bit of a rubbish day.† â€Å"You should have seen my day, sir,† Will said. â€Å"Are we having a competition?† Draco asked, raising his eyebrow. â€Å"What†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Who is your enemy, sir?† Will asked, curiosity taking over. â€Å"Harry Potter - Im guessing youve heard of him.† Will shook his head. â€Å"Dont go outside much, do you?† Draco exclaimed, Will nodding his head sheepishly. â€Å"He defeated death as a child, and now everyone treats him, and his ginger and smart-arise friends, like they are Gods,† Draco explained. Will suddenly realised who they were. â€Å"I know them, sir.. The ginger giant gave me some robes on the train, because I had none, sir,† Will said. â€Å"Ginger giant?† Draco asked, cocking his eyebrow again, simpering. â€Å"Everyones like a giant to me, sir,† Will said, making Draco laugh. â€Å"That is true,† Draco said. â€Å"Why dont you have anything?† Draco asked. â€Å"Father doesnt want to be involved, so I never brought anything,† Will explained. â€Å"Oh,† was all Draco could say, guessing that his mum had passed away - usually kids would go with their mothers if they split up, not there dads. â€Å"There was an attack, sir,† Will said, as if he could read Draco’s mind. â€Å"I was only five, so I cant remember much, sir, only that there was an explosion. I used to have two older sisters too, sir.† â€Å"What about you, sir? Whats your family like, sir?† Will asked. â€Å"My father is strict, and my mother is too, but they want whats best for me, I guess,† Draco said, staring into the distance. â€Å"Theyd were out quite a bit, so I would be looked after by our house elf.† â€Å"House elf, sir? Whats that, sir?† Will asked - something he hadShow MoreRelatedWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesBuscemi Essay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. 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Nike Management Report Essay - 2175 Words

Table of content 1. Executive summary 2 2. Introduction 3 3. Leading 4 4. Planning 5 5. Conclusion 6 6. Recommendations 7 7. Reference 9 Executive summary This business report has investigated the Nike. Inc’s sustainability by doing some analyze about the current data, the management journals and article are from the business database such as EBSCOhost, It also explains the ideas that help managers of Nike to achieve its goals in both profit and sustainability, although different people may have different point of views about this, it is still very important to manager of a big company like Nike, it is one of the leaders in the footwear industry, what they did may affect other shoes companies. The managers in†¦show more content†¦According to charismatic theory, environment sensitive is one of the key characteristics. If a leader did not keep sustainability in mind, his or her team cannot do their job in a sustainable way. Not only the human resource, but also some other resource will be wasted too. For example, the electricity, gas, water or a piece of paper may be used inefficiently. Under this situation, the organiz ations hardly gain maximum financial profit. Leaders have the role to explicating the goals and rigid rules and procedures, as Tinker Hatfield, who is the Nike’s Vice President of innovation Design and Special Project said the goal was to make the AIR JORDAN XX3 best ever, both in performance and sustainability. Therefore, the shoes maximize efficient use of materials most of which are environment friendly (Nike, 2008). Without a leading function, Nike may concern less about the sustainability than financial profit. How can businesses effectively address the possibility of an environmental â€Å"tipping point†? Some business leaders see win-win pathways that not only allow them to address the environmental concern, but also their own bottom lines. 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Are You a Good Communicator Essays - 1164 Words

Are You A Good Communicator? May 31, 2010 Abstract Thinking that I am basically a good communicator, there is always room for improvement and skills development. Being in a position of authority can be a hindrance if one cannot learn the skills to manage others. Reading and understanding verbal and nonverbal skills will become a major factor in owning my own business. I never really had a problem reading nonverbal signs in relating to others. Prior employment and experience in interview and investigation techniques will need to be utilized in working with others in the field of business development. Symptomatic signs of avoidance, disinterest in conversation, lack of social networks and hobbies. People become engulfed with pre†¦show more content†¦There may be the occasional time when you pay more attention to the message you’re sending rather than how it’s received. With some time and experience, you’ll likely be able to improve your insight even more. To be completely honest, I tried to answer the questions to receive a perfect score. Even though I have the perception to understand the qualities of a good communicator. The test seems rather ambiguous or repetitive in asking the questions. Since my preconceived ideas were to score a perfect score of 100. Therefore, I chose to retake the test. This is the snapshot view of the second test, which the score was lower, but with the same results. Having an opportunity to develop entrepreneurial skills, focus should be placed on more compassion for getting to know the customer’s needs. Being self-employed, one must learn to think outside of the box. Life cannot always be without confrontations or customer dissatisfaction. Therefore, the skills of learning to negotiate and critical thinking must be practical applications. Out of 100 points, I scored 66, the first time and 59 the second time. 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Taxation Law of Australia Develop Taxation

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law of Australia for Develop Taxation. Answer: Part A 1: Chris Jordan is Tax commissioner of Australia. Besides this, he is also the registrar of Australian business register. There is an executive committee along with different corporate committee who support Chris Jordan in his duties. Commissioner of taxation manages and led the Australian Taxation Office (Australian Taxation Office adds voice authentication to its app, 2016). 2: Mission statement of the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has sole mission of contributing to the economic development of Australia and contribute to the social wellbeing of the Australians by encouraging the Australian citizen to participate in tax as well as in the superannuation system (Cameron, 2007). 3: In the official page of Australian Taxation Office (ATO) all the information about the Australian taxation office can be found. The website address of Australian Taxation Office is https://www.ato.gov.au/. The main duty of the Australian Taxation Office is to develop taxation laws and implement taxation system within the Australia (CORTESE, 2006). It efficiently provides the shape to the superannuation and the taxation system as well as efficiently manages it for funding and supporting the Australians. 4: The Taxpayers charter does not permit the Australian Taxation office to reveal any of the information to the other parties. The information can be revealed by the Australian taxation Office at the time the entity require the information for any particular reason (Emmerton, Hodgson and Fisher, 2004). 5: The definition related to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 contain on the Division 995.1 of Income Tax Assessment act. 6: According to the Australian Taxation Office the section 25.5 of the Income Tax assessment Act 1997 provide the guidance about the expenditure which must be considered to be an acceptable deduction (Federal Court of Australia, Queensland District Registry: Jupiters Ltd v. Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 2002). This sections title is Division 8 deduction. As per the section 40 of Income Tax Assessment Act capital expenditures are also deductable. 7: As per the Australian Taxation Office, the section 15.2 of the Income Tax assessment Act includes the value of the allowance in assessable income. The allowances along with other thing provided to the employees regarding their employment or services (Freebairn, 2016). This sections title is Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, SECT 15.2 8: No, the value of the allowance referred to the aforementioned question, where the answer is as per the Australian Taxation office and Income Tax Act 1997 Section 15.2 allowance must be included in the assessable income of the tax payer, the allowance can be provided or accepted in money or any other form (Hamilton, Deutsch and Raneri, 2001) . However, the valuation of the allowance must be computed in monetary form, according to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, Section 15.2. Regarding this specific matter the information can be obtained from the website of Australian Taxation Office as well as from the legal information website of Australia (Gupta, 2015). According to the Australian Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 the legislation and taxation system depicts the entire rules and regulation like the allowance and deduction on the income and expense of the tax payer. 9: The core focus of the Taxation Ruling TR 2013/2 is on the income tax along with the fund for the school and college building. The rule adds the Section 30-15 along with the sub section 30-25 (1) of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 as well as apply on the individuals who contribute or donate to the public fund that claim to be a school or college building fund (Haslett and Sarah, 2006). 10: The tax decision TD 2016/3 established rates for cent /kilometer in order to private usage of the motor vehicles for the purpose of the Fringe Benefit Taxation Year beginning on 1st April 2016 (Krever and Black, 2007). The rate applicable for the motor vehicles is as following; Engine Capacity Rate Per Kilometer 0-2500c 52 cents Over 2500 cc 63 cents Motorcycles 16 cents Part B It is through the tax situation of Australia that the residency status would be judged for the concerned case study of Midoona. Both the residential and non residential laws are taken into consideration for evaluating and understanding the situation of Midoona and it provides proper results by taking into account the taxation system of Australia. Being a pop star, Midoona needs to come to Australia for shows and concerts and also earns a lot of money through that (Marsden, 2012). This is the reason why the taxation laws of Australia needs to be applied on the income made by her and while doing this, the residential status of Midoona also needs to be considered. In case of calculating the income tax of Midoona, it needs to be calculated on the basis of the money earned by her in Australia and the deductions that need to be done from the amount by taking into consideration all the aspects of the income made by Midoona. In case of calculating tax following the Australian System of Taxation, one needs to give a declaration of the income made by that individual, can claim deductions of the income, income tests and offsets and rebates made (Martin, Gregor and Rice, 2008). The case study is analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of income tax system present in Australia, and therefore the amount of tax that need to be given along with the deductions being claimed are calculated on the basis of the income that Midoona derives directly from the shows and concerts that she does in Australia. The travelling tax is implemented or applied in case of Midoona since she is not a permanent resident of Australia, but just a foreign resident. As a result of this, the different residency status of the taxes needs to be taken into consideration in order to calculate the income tax of Midoona (Nethercott, Richardson and Devos, 2011). The Imperial Hotel is visited by Midoona in order to conduct the shows and for this reason the income tax is deducted for the earnings made by Midoona from her shows and not for the prizes that are owned by her. As a kartaoke hostess Midoona also earned $45,000. For this income made by Midoona the appropriate taxation should be filed and also must be declared in order to ensure the taxation laws and rules of Australia are properly implemented in it. Therefore if Midoona properly follows the rules and regulations of the Australian Taxation System, then she will be respecting the taxation system and maintaining it properly (Nethercott, Richardson and Devos, 2011). Therefore according to the rules of the taxation system of Australia, the tax would be deducted from the amount of money earned by Midonna from the job conducted by her in Australia. The assessable income of an individual is based on the residency of the individual in that country and therefore it is necessary for the tax payer to understand whether he or she is a resident of the county while filing the tax (Robertson, 2008). In case of Australia, there are some rules and regulations that exist which determine whether an individual is a resident of the country or not. In case of foreign citizens who have stayed in Australia for a continuous period of six months in a particular year of taxation are considered as Australian resident for tax purposes for that particular year. The calculation of the tax of those individuals would be done according to the method of the Australian residents tax calculation. In this particular case, it can be seen that Midoona came to Australia on the 2nd of July 2015 as a part of the musical tour around the world that she was conducting. The home town of Midoona is Bourbon-On-Ryde hich a small English town. It is to be noted that Midoo na did not stay at a single place more than a period of six months (WALLER, 2007). She came to Sydney for her concernt on 2nd July 2015 and then performed at Adelaide and wrapped up her musical tour on 15th August 2015. After finishing with all the scheduled concerts and shows, Midoona took a vacation in Australia and stayed only for one month at the Northern Territory town of Darwin. Therefore it can clearly be understood that Midoona did not stay at a single place in Australia for a period of six months continually and thus can under no situation be considered to be n Australian resident for the taxation year 2015-2016. But on 1st of April 2016, Midoona again came to Australia with a permanent job that required for her to stay in Australia for two years continuously (Woellner, 2013). Therefore in this case Midoona would be considered as an Australian resident for tax purposes for the financial year 2016-2017. 2. Income ($) Expenditure ($) Australian tour 450000 operating expenses 380000 Appearance fees 15000 Spend on dresses 1000 Cash Prize 1000 Subscription to magazine 200 Cash Prize 200 Membership subscription 500 Income from job 45000 Tips from customer 2500 513700 381700 Assessable income 132000 The tax rates for the non resident for the year 2015-2016 are as follows: Taxable income Tax on the income 0-$80,000 32.5c for each $1 $80,0001-$180,000 $26,000 plus 37c for each over $80,000 $180,001 and over $63,000 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 Midonna has to pay the taxes on her income by following the Australian Taxation Law. The assessable incoe of Midonna is $132,000. Thus the tax that needs to be paid would be under the slab $26,000 along with 37 c for each over $80,000 according to the Australian Taxation Law. Midoona has to pay the taxes on the money earned by her from the different sources. At the first stage, Midoona earned an amount of $45,000 from her musical tour in Australia and then she got an appearance fee of $15,000 for being featured in Affairs of Today (WALLER, 2007). After this she received a prize that consisted of a weekend at Alatai Holiday Apartments and the cash prize of $500 each. Then Midoona wins a cash prize of $200 after participating in a stiff competition. As a Karaoke hostess at the Imperial Hotel in Darwin, Midoona earned $45,000. All these incomes are assessable and therefore the tax would be calculated according to that. The tip received by Midoona at the hotel was of the amount of $2,500 . The expenditures that would be taken into consideration in this case re operating expenses, money required to buy two dresses, magazine subscription and an yearly membership subscription in a monthly newsletter. The understanding of the income tax to be implemented on the income of Midoona would be calculated by following the rules and regulations of the Australian Taxation System. Midoona is liable to pay the proper tax on the money earned by her from the different sources in Australia. The income tax rules are clearly explained by the Australian Taxation Law (Woellner, 2013). 3. It is through the application of ITAA36 and ITAA97 taxation rules that come under the Act of 1953 that the case study taken into consideration can be properly justified. This aids in determining the tax assessment as it takes into consideration the necessary rules and regulations that are required to make the income tax assessments of the income made by a particular individual (Nethercott, Richardson and Devos, 2011). The expenses would also be calculated in association of the objects owned by the individual that have assurance policies. This also aids in formulating proper income tax assessments along with the provision of the assurance policies which eventually increases the value of the investments associated with that of the policies that are present (Robertson, 2008). The deduction policies are formulated in such a way so that the investments made by the individual also get calculated. In case of Midoona, she earned a lot of money and the tax would be implemented on the amount of $450,000 which has been earned by Mioona. The deductions would be based on the amount of money earned by Midoona which would thereon aid in the proper justification of the taxation system of Australia. References Australian Taxation Office adds voice authentication to its app. (2016).Biometric Technology Today, 2016(2), p.12. Cameron, A. (2007).Review of the income tax exemption for structured settlements. [Canberra]: [The Treasury]. CORTESE, C. (2006). Taxation and the Australian Superannuation System: An International Comparison.Australian Accounting Review, 16(39), pp.77-85. Emmerton, K., Hodgson, H. and Fisher, R. (2004).Tax questions and answers. Sydney: Australian Tax Practice. Federal Court of Australia, Queensland District Registry: Jupiters Ltd v. Deputy Commissioner of Taxation. (2002).Gaming Law Review, 6(6), pp.571-576. Freebairn, J. (2016). Taxation of Housing.Australian Economic Review, 49(3), pp.307-316. Gupta, S. (2015). Various Tax Authorities and their Powers under the Income Tax Act.Asian Journal of Management, 6(1), p.25. Hamilton, R., Deutsch, R. and Raneri, J. (2001).Guidebook to Australian international taxation. Australia: LexisNexis Butterworths. Haslett, T. and Sarah, R. (2006). Using the Viable Systems Model to Structure a System Dynamics Mapping and Modeling Project for the Australian Taxation Office.Systemic Practice and Action Research, 19(3), pp.273-290. Krever, R. and Black, C. (2007).Australian taxation law cases 2007. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson ATP. Marsden, S. (2012).Australian master bookkeepers guide. North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Martin, N., Gregor, S. and Rice, J. (2008). User centred information design practices and processes at the Australian Taxation Office.Information Design Journal, 16(1), pp.53-67. Nethercott, L., Richardson, G. and Devos, K. (2011).Australian taxation study manual. North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Robertson, P. (2008).Australian master tax guide 2008. Sydney: CCH Australia. WALLER, V. (2007). The Challenge of Institutional Integrity in Responsive Regulation: Field Inspections by the Australian Taxation Office.Law Policy, 29(1), pp.67-83. Woellner, R. (2013).Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia.