Iso Standards and Tqm

FOCUS ON TQM, EQM AND ISO INTRODUCTION Environment may be broadly understood to mean our surroundings. It advise be sh atomic sum up 18d out into non- alert and living components. The Environment provides resources which support life on the earth and which likewise help in the growth of a relationship of interchange between living organisms and the environment in which they live. ISO What? ISO ( world-wide Organization for normalisation) is the existences largest developer and publisher of world-wide Standards. ISO is a non-governmental face that forms a bridge between the public and private sectors.On the one hand, many an(prenominal) of its member institutes argon take apart of the governmental structure of their countries, or are mandated by their government. On the other hand, other members sustain their roots uniquely in the private sector, having been set up by national partnerships of industry associations. The organizations logos in its two official languages, E nglish and French, implicate the word ISO. The organization follow ISO found on the Greek word isos ( ), meaning equal. This, in itself, reflects the aim of the organization to equalize and touchstoneize across cultures. HISTORY ISO is the world largest standards developing organization. Founded on 23rd February, 1947, it has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzer terra firma. Between 1947 and the present day, ISO has published more than 18000 International Standards, ranging from standards for activities such as agriculture and construction, finished mechanical engineering, to medical examination devices, to the newest information applied science developments. ISO was born from the union of two organizations the ISA (International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations).Established in New York in 1926, and the UNSCC (United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee), established in 1944 WHO bottomland JOIN ISO? fractionship of ISOis open to national standards institutes just about correspondative of standardization in their country (one member in each country). ISO has three membership categories ? Member Bodies They are national bodies that are considered to be the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that commence voting rights. ? Subscriber members They are countries with small economies.They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards. Participating members are called P members as opposed to observing members which are called O members. ? Correspondent members They are countries that do non realise their own standards organization. These members are informed about ISOs work, but do not participate in standards promulgation. ISO is a network of the national standards institutes of 159 countries, out of the 203 total countries in the world, one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system.Some of the ISO members are INDIA, US, HONDURAS, LESOTHO, MACAU, NAMIBIA. How ISO standards are developed ? ISO standards are developed according to the following principles. ? Consensus ? Industry wide ? Voluntary Why standards matter Standards make an enormous and positive contribution to most aspects of our lives. Standards ensure desirable characteristics of crossings and run such as ? feature ? Environmental friendliness ? Safety ? Reliability ? Efficiency ? InterchangeabilityWhen harvests and go make full our expectations, we function to take this for granted and be unaware of the role of standards. However, when standards are absent, we soon notice. We soon care when harvest-festivals turn out to be of poor step, do not fit, are incompatible with equipment that we already commence, are unreliable or dangerous. When products, systems, machinery and devices work well and safely, it is often beca use they disturb standards. Andthe organization responsiblefor many thousands of the standards which benefit the world isISO. When standards are absent, we soon notice. What standards do? ISO standards ? make the development, manufacturing and supply of products and servicesmore efficient, safer and cleaner ? facilitate tradebetween countries and make itfairer ? provide governments with a adept base forhealth, safeguard and environmental legislation, and conformity assessment ? sharetechnological advances and good solicitude practice ? disseminateinnovation ? safeguard consumers, and users in general, of products and services ? make life simpler by providingsolutionsto common problems Who standards benefitISO standards provide technological, economic and societal benefits. ? For taskes, the widespread adoption of International Standards means that suppliers can develop and put out products and services meeting specifications that have wide international acceptance in their sectors. Therefore, businesses using International Standards can compete on many more markets near the world. ? Forinnovatorsof new technologies, International Standards on aspects like terminology, compatibility and resort speed up the dissemination of innovations and their development into manufacturable and marke circumvent products. Forcustomers, the worldwide compatibility of technology which is achieved when products and services are based on International Standards gives them abroad choiceof offers. They also benefit from theeffects of competitionamong suppliers. Forconsumers, conformity of products and services to International Standards provides sureness about their tone of voice, safety and reliability. ? Fortrade officials, International Standards createa level playing fieldfor all competitors on those markets. The existence of divergent national or regional standards can create technical barriers to trade.International Standards are the technical means by which political trade agreements can be put into practice. ? Fordeveloping countries, Internatio nal Standards that represent an international consensus on the state of the art are an important source oftechnological know-how. By defining the characteristics that products and services will be expected to meet on export markets, International Standards give developing countries a basis for making the right decisionswhen investing their scarce resources and thus avoid squandering them. Foreveryone, International Standards contribute to the gauge of lifein general by ensuring that the transport, machinery and tools we use are safe. ? Forthe planetwe inhabit, International Standards on air, water and soil quality, on emissions of gases and actinotherapy and environmental aspects of products can contribute to efforts topreserve the environment. Examples of the benefits standards provide ? solves therepair and maintenanceproblems caused by a lack of standardization that were once a major head ache for manufacturers ? Standards establishing an international consensus nterminologyma ke technology transfer easier and safer. ? Consensus on grades of various strongs gives acommon referencefor suppliers and clients in business divideings. ? Agreement on a sufficient number of variations of a product to meet most current applications allowseconomies of scalewithcost benefitsfor twain producers and consumers. An example is the standardization of paper sizes. ? Standardization ofperformance or safety requirementsof diverse equipment makes sure that users needs are met period allowing individual manufacturers the freedom to design their own solution on how to meet those needs. Standardizedcomputer protocolsallow products from different vendors to talk to each other. Advantages of ISO ? Implementing ISO has following advantages ? Create a more efficient, effective operation ? Increase customer pleasure and retention ? Reduce audits ? Enhance marketing ? Improve employee motivation, awareness, and morale ? Promote international trade ? Increases profit ? Reduce was te and improvers productivity The need for International Standards is very important as more organizations operate in the global economy by selling or buying products and services from sources outside their internal market. Disadvantages of ISO ? Does not guarantee better quality ISO certification definitely does not automatically lead to better quality product. While it does encourage operations to think of in terms of systems, it does not require them to be good. ? Focus on certification ? Frequent audits Full system audits every three years with annual surveillance audits. ISO 9000 ISO 9000 is a family of standards for quality way systems. ISO 9000 is maintained by ISO and is administered by accreditation and certification bodies. The rules are updated, as the requirements motivate changes over time.Some of the requirements in ISO 90012008 include a set of procedures that cover all key work ates in the business monitoring processes to ensure they are effective keeping adeq uate records checking output for defects, with prehend and corrective action regularly reviewing individual processes and the quality system itself for effectiveness and facilitating continual improvement ISO 90012000 What does it mean in the supply chain? ISO 90012000 is an international standard that gives requirements for an organizations Quality Management System (QMS).The object lens of ISO 90012000 is to provide a set of requirements that will provide confidence that the supplier can consistently provide goods and services that ? Meet needs and expectations and ? Comply with relevant regulations How can you have confidence that your supplier meets ISO 90012000? There are various slipway in which your supplier can claim that its QMS meets the requirements of ISO 90012000. These include ? Suppliers declaration of conformity suppliers internal audit system, or on mo party or third party audits Second party assessment check if its QMS meets ISO 90012000 requirements and your own requirements sometimes used in contractual business-to-business transactions ? trio party assessment (Often referred to as certification or registration) CASE STUDY KERALA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS),is a 450-bed multi limitedty Hospital which has been awarded the ISO 90012000 enfranchisement for a high-end cardiac cauterization laboratory, hi-tech operation theatres, a 24-hour emergency department, CT scan, facility for open heart surgery, blood bank, neurology and neuro-surgery departments.Quality and accreditation are boastful strategies adopted by KIMS to ensure world-class treatment at third-world prices. KIMS has acquired ISO 9001 2000 certificate from BSI Group. ISO 12000 Plastics/rubber Polymer dispersions and rubber (natural and synthetic) Definitions and review of test methods ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 family addresses Environmental management. This means what the organization does to ? minimize harmful effects on th e environment caused by its activities, and to ? Achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance.TheISO14000is a standard forenvironmental managementsystems that is relevant to any business. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental measure of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations. It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the exceed universal practices.TheISO14000is a standard forenvironmental managementsystems that is applicable to any business, regardless of size, location or income. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is to promote more effective and efficient environme ntal management in organizations andto provide useful and usable tools like cost effective, system-based, flexible tools that help organizations in gatherong environment related information.It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the best universal practices, in the same way that the ISO 9000 series on quality management systems represents a tool for technology transfer of the best available quality management practices The two major standards under ISO 14000 ? ISO 140012004 ? SO 140042004 job benefits of ISO 14000 ? reduced cost of waste management ? savings in consumption of energy and materials ? lower distribution costs ? improved corporate image among regulators, customers and the public Framework for continual improvement of environmental performance. ? In the global economy CASE STUDY Copley Square Hotel A prominent hotel created an aggressive environmental curriculum that provides a foundation for ISO 14001 regist ration. Energy Use diminution ? Energy efficient lighting was installed in public areas ? Install compact fluorescent bulbs in guest room table lamps , hanging lamps and back areas ? motivate employees to turn off all energy using devices that are not being used. pee Use Reduction ? Installing toilets with 1. 5 gallon capacity, substitute ones with 3. gallon capacity will save $3,276 and 430,000 gallons annually. ? Showerheads of greater efficiency will save $6,546 and 859,000 gallons annually. ? Guest have been offered the option of reusing their towels and linens when staying more than one night. Comments Some of the reasons the program has been successful are ? Everyone in the hotel participates in the program and can contribute from within their job responsibilities. ? Small savings are as important as big ones. CASE STUDY NOKIA ISO 14001 standard is used to control and manage the environmental aspects of Nokias production sites and large offices.Nokia has a corporate level ISO 14001 certificate in place for all manufacturing sites. Whats the difference between ISO 9001 and ISO 14001? ISO 9001 contains a set of requirements for implementing aQualityManagement System and ISO 14001 for anEnvironmental Management System ISO 90012000 and ISO 140012004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 90012000 (the transition to ISO 90012008 is now taking place) is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance about the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations.ISO 140012004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. In the global economy ISO 90012000 and ISO 140012004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 90012000 is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance about the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations. ISO 140012004 confirms its global r elevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. ISO 16000-12004 is intended to aid the planning of indoor pollution monitoring.Before a sampling strategy is devised for indoor air monitoring, it is necessary to clarify for what purposes, when, where, how often and over what periods of time monitoring is to be performed. The answers to these questions depend, in particular, on a number of special characteristics of the indoor environments, on the objective of the measurement and, finally, on the environment to be measured. ISO 16000-12004 deals with the significance of these factors and offers suggestions on how to develop a suitable sampling strategy.ISO 16000-12004 is applicable to indoor environments such as dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, do-it-yourself rooms, recreation rooms and cellars, kitchens and bathrooms workrooms or work places in buildings which are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to air pollutants (for example, offices, sales premises) public buildings (for example hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theatres, cinemas and other function rooms), and also cabins of vehicles. Latest ISO(152702008) On Plastic RecyclingPlastics drivelines for the recovery and recycle of plastics waste. The standard has been developed to assist all plastics industry stakeholders in the development of ? A sustainable global infrastructure for plastics recovery and recycling Establishes the different options for the recovery of plastics waste arising from pre-consumer and post-consumer sources. The standard assists in the selection of methodologies and processes for the management of post-use plastics that may be approached using various strategies. ? A sustainable market for recovered plastics materials and their derived manufactured products.Plastics material for recovery may be obtained from various sources and the major markets for plastics are pa ckaging, building and construction products, electrical and electronic products, automotive/transportation, and household/consumer items. ISO promotes role of International Standards in tackling climate change at COP15 ISO International Standards can help fight climate change by providing a basis for ensuring trust, integrity and effective management in the quantification, measurement and verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts, and practical tools for the development of energy efficiency and alternative energy sources.These messages were underlined by ISO at COP15, the fifteenth conference of the parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held on 7-18 December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. ISO Guide 642008 Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards It proposes a step-by-step approach, based on the principle of life-cycle analysis, in order to promote a reduction of potential adverse environmental impacts caused by products. The Guide is intended for use by all those involved in the drafting of product standards, encouraging them to Identify and understand basic environmental aspects and impacts related to the product under consideration, ? Determine when it is possible and when it is not possible to deal with an environmental issue through a product standard. TQM What? an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services through the participation of all levels of organization, especially for the benefit of the customers COMPONENTS OF THE MODEL ? Quality Policy and Communication If an organization is to start implementing TQM, a sound quality policy is a fundamental requirement.The TQM foundation consists of strategic quality management, executive leadership and a continuous focus on consumer. This must be clear stated, documented and communicated, as a quality policy to each and every employee of the organization in an easily understood language. The next step is to clearly un sex the key objectives and quality goals that must be achieved if the company has to realize its vision. ? Team Work and Participation From time to time, Indian industry has realized the importance of both Team Work and Participative Management.To institutionalize both the concept s of team work ad participation, Cross functional Management Teams, Quality Circles and Suggestion Systems have to be formed. This has indeed been done in organizations like THERMAX, ALFA LEVEL, NLC, BHEL, SAIL, MADRAS CEMENTS, MODI XEROX, and SONA STEERING SYSTEMS ? Problem solving Tools and Techniques One very common approach of problem solving is use of Deming Cycle, which is reproduced below As shown in the cycle, the Planning Stage will primarily involve defining a Quality mission, getting the organization relevant data, and button in for experiments in quality.And when we do something (Stage Two), the effects or results are checked in stage three. Recognizing people and rewarding them and changing p rocesses form the necessary locomote of stage four ? Standardization Standardization is a management tool for encouraging and securing optimum utilization o resources and level best efficiency of operations through formal establishment of the most suitable, pre-determined, solutions and answers to recurring problems and needs. Technical specifications in design, procurement, production and control are company standards.Similarly, administrative specifications in supervision and management, which may deal with products, processes, methods, materials, parts, etc. , are also company standards. ? Design and implementation of Quality System Standardization can be attained through ISO-9000 certification. ISO -9000 is not product standard, but it is Quality Systems Standard. It is a practical standard for a Quality system. There are four Quality System Standards as shown in the table ? Quality costs and measurements Contrary to popular belief high quality is not high cost.If things are done right the first time, tremendous savings in cost can be obtained. Around 10 25 % of the sales revenue is being spent by manufacturing companies due to poor quality. Hence, reason the cost of quality is a must. ? Quality audit and review It is conducted by people who have no direct responsibility for performance and is always an self-sufficient examination to compare given aspects of quality performance with standards or specifications. Hence, an internal quality system should be developed for addressing customer requirements and complaints as well as internal quality problems. Process Control If processes are controlled properly, deficiencies are not with product and process control gives feedback for initiating necessary action. ? Customer supplier integration telling integration between customer and supplier identifies mutual needs and fulfilling expectations becomes easier. ? Education and training Today, Indian companies that have implemented TQM spends thousands of rup ees in preparing employees and educating them on various aspects of quality improvement. Principles of TQM ? CUSTOMER FOCUSEDONLY customers determine the level of quality , what ever you do to foster quality improvement , training employees , integrating quality into processes management , ONLY customers determine whether your effort were worthwhile ? EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Removing fear from work place by providing the proper environment ? PROCESS CENTERED Fundamental part of TQM is to focus on Process thinking. ? INTEGRATED SYSTEM All employee must know business mission and vision, must monitor the process . an integrated business system may be modeled by ISO 9000. ? STRATEGIC APPROACH Strategic plan must integrate quality as core component. invariable IMPROVEMENT Using analytical and creative thinking in perplexing ways to become more effective. ? FACT BASED DECISION MAKING ratiocination making must be ONLY on data, not personal thinking or situational. ? COMMUNICATION Communic ation strategy, method and timeliness must be well defined. Chain Reaction of TQM ? Improve Quality ? Improve Productivity ? Decrease costs ? Decrease prices ? Increase market ? Stay in Business ? Provide More jobs ? Return on investment Demings Fourteen Points ? Constancy of purpose ? Drive out fear ? Eliminate Exhortations ? Encourage didactics Institute training on the job ? Improve every process ? End lowest tender contracts ? The New philosophy ? Institute Leadership ? abjure dependence on inspection ? Break down barriers ? Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets ? Permit pride of workmanship ? Top managements allegiance IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF TQM ? Customer-driven quality ? Top management leadership ? and commitment ? Continuous improvement ? Fast response ? Actions based on facts ? Employee participation ? A TQM culture. BENEFITS OF TQM ? increase pride of workmanship among individual workers ? Increased readiness Improved sustainability ? Greater mission survivability ? Better justification for budgets ? Streamlined maintenance and production processes Many companies have difficulties in implementing TQM. Surveys by consulting firms have found that only 20 36 % of companies that have undertaken TQM have achieved either significant or even tangible improvements in quality, productivity, competitiveness or financial return. As a result many people are skeptical about TQM. However, when you look at successful companies you find a much higher percentage of successful TQM implementation.Why ISO 9000 Should Be a Companys Guidepost, And Not TQM The ISO-9000 quality standard and total quality management (TQM) is both necessary for any organization to become world class. But ISO is far superior because it offers a set of guidelines for quality management and can stand alone, while TQM can not. The reasons are ? While ISO-9000 is a clearly defined system, TQM is a philosophy ? ISO-9000 is preventive. TQM is remedial. ? TQM is aimed at identifying the cause s of quality problems and eliminating them TQM is not quality management but process management the process of improvement.ISO-9000 is total quality management ? While ISO-9000 requires documentation and record keeping, there is no such requirement in TQM ? One of the great features of ISO-9000 is that it is self-policing EQM Various countries, 8 including India, have set up standards with specify the limit pf emission of various pollutants that are permitted in specific media i. e. air or water. They may take the firm of emission standards, or relate to the content of products in food, or phosphates in detergents. Environmental Quality Management includes Management of Air Quality The air quality standards are prescribed by CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD. They provide quantitative limits within which the pollutants may be present in the environment. There are three types of standards ? Emission standards they are the maximm tolerable level of a pollutant that are permissible to escape the chimney of an industry or the caloric power plant ? Immission standards it specifies the ambient air quality i. e. the amount of various pollutants that are tolerable in space surrounding the source of generation vehicular emission standards they have been prescribed recently, it specifies the maximum tolerable limit of the various pollutants that are allowed to escape the exhaust of an automobile ? Management of water quality Water quality management involves multidisciplinary approach in which the required water quality is related to municipal, industrial and agricultural requirements. Water quality standards are based on two standards ? Stream standards It is based on the beneficial uses of water which fixes the threshold value of specific pollutants permissible in the water required for various uses.As specified by Central Pollution Control Board in 1979. It states that drinking water should have a minimum of 6 mg/1 dissolved oxygen and a maximum of 2mg/1 of Bio logical oxygen demand. ? Effluent standards They are based on the maximum assiduousness of a pollutant of maximum pollution load discharged into receiving water. In India under the Water Pollution Control Act enacted in 1974, effluent standards, based on the maximum concentration of a pollutant (mg/1) have been prescribed. ? Management of land It is essential to improve man quality to grow more and to meet the increasing demands for food and other essential agricultural items.Large scale use of fertilizers is not advisable. Chemical fertilizers can improve soil and land quality but they are costly. Various ways to improve land quality are ? Organic farming organic fertilizers in the form of biomass not only provide nutrients to soil but also enrich humus content. Biomass is used as fuel in the form of dung cakes agricultural residues etc. ? Mixed cropping under this leguminous and non-leguminous crops are braggy together in the same area in a mixed pattern. It always the crop to derive nutrients from the soil. Use of helophytes excessive irrigation leads to salinisation of soils rendering it useless for agriculture. Thus, special plants known as halophytes are grown, which are tolerant to salinity. These plants improve the soil condition. ? Ariel seeding packets containing seeds along with little fertilizers are sprayed from aircrafts and they are left togrow undisturbed. This mproves the performance of degraded land ? Land use planning for maintaining the land quality excessive irrigation should be avoided, proper avenues for drainage and mixed cropping should be practiced.The positive roles played in globalization by ISOs standards for quality and environmental management systems include the following ? a unifying base for global businesses and supply chains such as the automotive and oil and gas sectors ? a technical support for regulation as, for example, in the medical devices sector) ? a tool for major new economic players to increase their part icipation in global supply chains, in export trade and in business process outsourcing ? a tool for regional integration as shown by their adoption by new or potential members of the European Union in the rise of services in the global economy some 32% of ISO 90012000 certificates and 29% of ISO 140012004 certificates in 2007 went to organizations in the service sectors, and ? in the transfer of good practice to developing countries and transition economies Presented by Aditya jhunjhunwala (09) Rashmi tigga (10) Sukanya gupta (11) Spriha agarwal (24) Rimika mittal (25) Shrutee parasramka (27) Niharika khaitan (31) Priyanka gupta (34) Srimoyee dasgupta (45) Bhumika kotecha (48) Neha malpani (59)