Manic Depressive Treatments Essay -- Psychology Lithium Medical Essays

Manic Depressive TreatmentsIntroductionatomic come 3 was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a manipulation for bipolar disorder. Since then, lithium has become a highly utilized medication for manic depression. Chemistry of atomic number 3 and Route of AccessName Lithium assort physical body 1Symbol Li class name Alkali metalAtomic weight 6.941 (2) g m rPeriod number 2CAS Registry ID 7439-93-2Block s-blockStandard state solid at 293 KColor silvery white/grayClassification MetallicLithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called alkali metals. Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a gray surface.Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminum and magnesium for lightweight alloys, and is also apply in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine.Lithium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is so readily purchasable commercially. All syntheses require an electrolytic step as it is so difficult to add an electron to the poorly electronegative lithium ion Li+. The ore spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, is the most all all-important(prenominal)(predicate) commercial ore containing lithium. The a form is first converted into the softer b form by heating to around 1100C. This is mixed carefully with hot sulphuric cutting and extracted into water to form lithium sulphate, Li2SO4, solution. The sulphate is washed with sodium change, Na2CO3, to form a precipitate of the relatively insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3.Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 + Li2CO3 (solid)Reaction of lithium carbonate wi... ...y, Robert L. (Eds.) (2004). Psychology Treatment of bipolar Disorder. New York The Guilford Press.Kalat, James W. (2004). Biological Psychology. Canada Wadsworth.Knable, Michael B. and Torrey E. Fuller. (2002). Surviving Manic Depression. New York Basic Books.Leavitt, Fred. (1995). Drugs and Behavior. California Sage Publications.Lithiums Effects on bipolar Disease. Retrieved March 5, 2005. From http//sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_422.htmlOpresko, Dennis M. (May 1995). Toxicity Summary for Lithium. Retrieved March 3, 2005. From http//risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/lith.shtml.Winter, Mark (1993-2003). Chemistry WebElements Periodic Table Professional Edition Lithium Key Information. Retrieved February 28, 2005. From http//www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/key.html. Manic Depressive Treatments Essay -- Psychology Lithium Medical EssaysManic Depressive TreatmentsIntroductionLithium was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a word for bipolar disorder. Since then, lithium has become a highly utilized medication for manic depression. Chemistry of Lithium and Route of AccessName LithiumGroup number 1Symbol LiGroup name Alkali metalAtomic weight 6.941 (2) g m rPeriod nu mber 2CAS Registry ID 7439-93-2Block s-blockStandard state solid at 293 KColor silvery white/grayClassification MetallicLithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called alkali metals. Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a gray surface.Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminum and magnesium for lightweight alloys, and is also utilize in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine.Lithium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is so readily in stock(predicate) commercially. All syntheses require an electrolytic step as it is so difficult to add an electron to the poorly electronegative lithium ion Li+. The ore spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, is the most important commercial ore containing lithium. The a form is first converted into the softer b form by heating to around 1100C. This is mixed carefull y with hot sulphuric panelling and extracted into water to form lithium sulphate, Li2SO4, solution. The sulphate is washed with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, to form a precipitate of the relatively insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3.Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 + Li2CO3 (solid)Reaction of lithium carbonate wi... ...y, Robert L. (Eds.) (2004). Psychology Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. New York The Guilford Press.Kalat, James W. (2004). Biological Psychology. Canada Wadsworth.Knable, Michael B. and Torrey E. Fuller. (2002). Surviving Manic Depression. New York Basic Books.Leavitt, Fred. (1995). Drugs and Behavior. California Sage Publications.Lithiums Effects on Bipolar Disease. Retrieved March 5, 2005. From http//sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_422.htmlOpresko, Dennis M. (May 1995). Toxicity Summary for Lithium. Retrieved March 3, 2005. From http//risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/lith.shtml.Winter, Mark (1993-2003). Chemistry WebElements Periodic Table Professional Editi on Lithium Key Information. Retrieved February 28, 2005. From http//www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/key.html.